sábado, 31 de março de 2012

Oscar de melhor diretor

A cada ano a Academia seleciona o melhor diretor de uma lista de cinco indicados. O prêmio, que vem sendo entregue desde 1929, dá direito ao vencedor de receber a cobiçada estatueta e de fazer um breve discurso.
De todos os 80 homenageados com o prêmio até 2008, apenas 21 não ganharam também o Oscar de melhor filme.
Existem diretores muito importantes que não o receberam, entre eles Charles Chaplin, Alfred Hitchcock e Stanley Kubrick.
Em 1933 não houve entrega dos prêmios Oscar, que foram entregues duas vezes em 1930 (em abril, referente aos filmes produzidos entre 2 de agosto de 1928 e 31 de julho de 1929, e em novembro, referente aos filmes produzidos entre 1º de agosto de 1929 e 31 de julho de 1930); em 1931 (em novembro, referente aos filmes produzidos entre 1º de agosto de 1930 e 31 de julho de 1931); em 1932 (em novembro, referente aos filmes produzidos entre 1º de agosto de 1931 e 31 de julho de 1932); e em 1934 (em março, referente aos filmes produzidos entre 1º de agosto de 1932 e 31 de dezembro de 1933).
                 Vencedores e Indicados  
1928: (Drama) Frank Borzage
Seventh Heaven
Herbert Brenon – Sorrell and Son
King Vidor – The Crowd
1928: (Comédia) Lewis Milestone
Two Arabian Knights
Ted Wilde – Speedy
1929: Frank Lloyd
The Divine Lady
Lionel Barrymore – Madame X
Harry Beaumont – The Broadway Melody
Irving Cummings – In Old Arizona
Frank Lloyd – Drag
Ernst Lubitsch – The Patriot
1930: Lewis Milestone
All Quiet on the Western Front
Clarence Brown – Anna Christie e Romance
Robert Z. Leonard – The Divorcee
Ernst Lubitsch – The Love Parade
King Vidor – Hallelujah!
[editar]Década de 1930
1931: Norman Taurog
Skippy
Clarence Brown  A Free Soul
Lewis Milestone  The Front Page
Wesley Ruggles  Cimarron
Josef von Sternberg  Marocco
1932: Frank Borzage
Bad Girl
King Vidor  The Champ
Josef von Sternberg  Shanghai Express
1933: Frank Lloyd  
Cavalcade
Frank Capra  Lady for a Day
George Cukor  Little Women
1934: Frank Capra  
It Happened One Night
Victor Schertzinger  One Night of Love
W. S. Van Dyke  The Thin Man
1935: John Ford  
The Informer
Henry Hathaway  The Lives of a Bengal Lancer
Frank Lloyd  Munity on the Bounty
Michael Curtiz  Captain Blood
1936: Frank Capra  
Mr. Deeds Goes to Town
Gregory La Cava  My Man Godfrey
Robert Z. Leonard  The Great Ziegfeld
W. S. Van Dyke  San Francisco
William Wyler  Dodsworth
1937: Leo McCarey
The Awful Truth
William Dieterle  The Life of Emile Zola
Sidney Franklin  The Good Earth
Gregory La Cava  Stage Door
William A. Wellman  A Star Is Born
1938: Frank Capra
You Can't Take It with You
Michael Curtiz  Angels with Dirty Faces
Michael Curtiz  Four Daughters
Norman Taurog  Boys Town
King Vidor  The Citadel
1939: Victor Fleming  
Gone with the Wind
Frank Capra  Mr. Smith Goes to Washington
John Ford  Stagecoach
Sam Wood  Goodbye, Mr. Chips
William Wyler  Wuthering Heights
1940: John Ford  
The Grapes of Wrath
George Cukor  The Philadelphia Story
Alfred Hitchcock  Rebecca
Sam Wood  Kitty Foyle
William Wyler  The Letter
1941: John Ford
How Green Was My Valley
Alexander Hall  Here Comes Mr. Jordan
Howard Hawks  Sargeant York
Orson Welles  Citizen Kane
William Wyler  The Little Foxes
1942: William Wyler
Mrs. Miniver
Michael Curtiz  Yankee Doodle Dandy
John Farrow  Wake Island
Mervyn LeRoy  Random Harvest
Sam Wood  Kings Row
1943: Michael Curtiz
Casablanca
Clarence Brown  The Human Comedy
Henry King  The Song of Bernadette
Ernst Lubitsch  Heaven Can Wait
George Stevens  The More the Merrier
1944: Leo McCarey
Going My Way
Alfred Hitchcock  Lifeboat
Henry King  Wilson
Otto Preminger  Laura
Billy Wilder  Double Indemnity
1945: Billy Wilder
The Lost Weekend
Clarence Brown  National Velvet
Alfred Hitchcock  Spellbound
Leo McCarey  The Bells of St. Mary
Jean Renoir  The Southerner
1946: William Wyler
The Best Years of Our Lives
Clarence Brown  The Yearling
Frank Capra  It's a Wonderful Life
David Lean  Brief Encounter
Robert Siodmak  The Killers
1947: Elia Kazan
Gentleman's Agreement
George Cukor  A Double Life
Edward Dmytryk  Crossfire
Henry Koster  The Bishop's Wife
David Lean  Great Expectations
1948: John Huston
The Treasure of Sierra Madre
Anatole Litvak  The Snake Pit
Jean Negulesco  Johnny Belinda
Laurence Olivier  Hamlet
Fred Zinnemann  The Search
1949: Joseph L. Mankiewicz 
A Letter to Three Wives
Carol Reed  The Fallen Idol
Robert Rossen  All the King's Men
William A. Wellman  Battleground
William Wyler  The Heiress
1950: Joseph L. Mankiewicz
All About Eve
George Cukor  Born Yesterday
John Huston  The Asphalt Jungle
Carol Reed  The Third Man
Billy Wilder  Sunset Boulevard
1951: George Stevens
A Place in the Sun
John Huston  The African Queen
Elia Kazan  A Streetcar Named Desire
Vincente Minnelli  An American in Paris
William Wyler  Detective Story
1952: John Ford
The Quiet Man
Cecil B. DeMille  The Greatest Show on Earth
John Huston  Moulin Rouge
Joseph L. Mankiewicz  5 Fingers
Fred Zinnemann  High Noon
1953: Fred Zinnemann
From Here to Eternity
George Stevens  Shane
Charles Walters  Lili
Billy Wilder  Stalag 17
William Wyler  Roman Holiday
1954: Elia Kazan
On the Waterfront
Alfred Hitchcock  Rear Window
George Seaton  The Country Girl
William A. Wellman  The High and the Mighty
Billy Wilder  Sabrina
1955: Delbert Mann
Marty
Elia Kazan  East of Eden
David Lean  Summertime
Joshua Logan  Picnic
John Sturges  Bad Day at Black Rock
1956: George Stevens
Giant
Michael Anderson  Around the World in 80 Days
Walter Lang  The King and I
King Vidor  War and Peace
William Wyler  Friendly Persuasion
1957: David Lean
The Bridge on the River Kwai
Joshua Logan  Sayonara
Sidney Lumet  12 Angry Men
Mark Robson  Peyton Place
Billy Wilder  Witness for the Prosecution
1958: Vicente Minnelli
Gigi
Richard Brooks  Cat on a Hot Tin Roof
Stanley Kramer  The Defiant Ones
Mark Robson  The Inn of the Sixth Happiness
Robert Wise  I Want to Live!
1959: William Wyler
BenHur
Jack Clayton  Room at the Top
George Stevens  The Diary of Anne Frank
Billy Wilder  Some Like It Hot
Fred Zinnemann  The Nun's Story
1960: Billy Wilder
The Apartment
Jack Cardiff  Sons and Lovers
Jules Dassin  Never on Sunday
Alfred Hitchcock  Psycho
Fred Zinnemann  The Sundowners
1961: Robert Wise e Jerome Robbins
West Side Story
Federico Fellini  La Dolce Vita
Stanley Kramer  Judgment at Nuremberg
Robert Rossen  The Hustler
J. Lee Thompson  The Guns of Navarone
1962: David Lean
Lawrence of Arabia
Pietro Germi  Divorzio all'Italiana
Robert Mulligan  To Kill a Mockingbird
Arthur Penn  The Miracle Worker
Frank Perry  David and Lisa
1963: Tony Richardson
Tom Jones
Federico Fellini  8½
Elia Kazan  America, America
Otto Preminger  The Cardinal
Martin Ritt  Hud
1964: George Cukor
My Fair Lady
Michael Cacoyannis  Zorba the Greek
Peter Glenville  Becket
Stanley Kubrick  Dr. Strangelove
Robert Stevenson  Mary Poppins
1965: Robert Wise
The Sound of Music
David Lean  Doctor Zhivago
John Schlesinger  Darling
Hiroshi Teshigahara  Suna no Onna
William Wyler  The Collector
1966: Fred Zinnemann
A Man for All Seasons
Michelangelo Antonioni  BlowUp
Richard Brooks  The Professionals
Claude Lelouch  Un Homme et une Femme
Mike Nichols  Who's Afraid of Virginia Woolf?
1967: Mike Nichols
The Graduate
Richard Brooks  In Cold Blood
Norman Jewison  In the Heat of the Night
Stanley Kramer  Guess Who's Coming to Dinner
Arthur Penn  Bonnie and Clyde
1968: Carol Reed
Oliver!
Anthony Harvey  The Lion in Winter
Stanley Kubrick  2001: A Space Odyssey
Gillo Pontecorvo  La Battaglia di Algeri
Franco Zeffirelli  Romeo and Juliet
1969: John Schlesinger
Midnight Cowboy
Costa Gravas  Z
George Roy Hill  Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid
Arthur Penn  Alice's Restaurant
Sydney Pollack  They Shoot Horses, Don't They?
1970: Franklin J. Schaffner
Patton
Robert Altman  M*A*S*H
Federico Fellini  Satyricon
Arthur Hiller  Love Story
Ken Russell  Women in Love
1971: William Friedkin
The French Connection
Peter Bogdanovich  The Last Picture Show
Norman Jewison  Fiddler on the Roof
Stanley Kubrick  A Clockwork Orange
John Schlesinger  Sunday Bloody Sunday
1972: Bob Fosse
Cabaret
John Boorman  Deliverance
Francis Ford Coppola  The Godfather
Joseph L. Mankiewicz  Sleuth
Jan Troell  Utvandrarna
1973: George Roy Hill
The Sting
Ingmar Bergman  Cries and Whispers
Bernardo Bertolucci  Last Tango in Paris
William Friedkin  The Exorcist
George Lucas  American Graffiti
1974: Francis Ford Coppola
The Godfather: Part II
John Cassavetes  A Woman Under the Influence
Bob Fosse  Lenny
Roman Polanski  Chinatown
François Truffaut  La Nuit Américaine
1975: Miloš Forman
One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest
Robert Altman  Nashville
Federico Fellini  Amarcord
Stanley Kubrick  Barry Lyndon
Sidney Lumet  Dog Day Afternoon
1976: John G. Avildsen
Rocky
Ingmar Bergman  Face to Face
Sidney Lumet  Network
Alan J. Pakula  All the President's Men
Lina Wertmüller  Pasqualino Sette bellezze
1977: Woody Allen
Annie Hall
George Lucas  Star Wars
Herbert Ross  The Turning Point
Steven Spielberg  Close Encounters of the Third Kind
Fred Zinnemann  Julia
1978: Michael Cimino
The Deer Hunter
Woody Allen  Interiors
Hal Ashby  Coming Home
Warren Beatty e Buck Henry  Heaven Can Wait
Alan Parker  Midnight Express
1979: Robert Benton
Kramer vs. Kramer
Francis Ford Coppola  Apocalypse Now
Bob Fosse  All That Jazz
Édouard Molinaro  La Cage aux Folles
Peter Yates  Breaking Away
1980: Robert Redford
Ordinary People
David Lynch  The Elephant Man
Roman Polanski  Tess
Richard Rush  The Stunt Man
Martin Scorsese  Raging Bull
1981: Warren Beatty
Reds
Hugh Hudson  Chariots of Fire
Louis Malle  Atlantic City
Mark Rydell  On Golden Pond
Steven Spielberg  Raiders of the Lost Ark
1982: Richard Attenborough
Gandhi
Sidney Lumet  The Verdict
Wolfgang Petersen  Das Boot
Sydney Pollack  Tootsie
Steven Spielberg  E.T. the ExtraTerrestrial
1983: James L. Brooks
Terms of Endearment
Bruce Beresford  Tender Mercies
Ingmar Bergman  Fanny and Alexander
Mike Nichols  Silkwood
Peter Yates  The Dresser
1984: Miloš Forman
Amadeus
Woody Allen  Broadway Danny Rose
Robert Benton  Places in the Heart
Roland Joffé  The Killing Fields
David Lean  A Passage to India
1985: Sydney Pollack
Out of Africa
Héctor Babenco  O Beijo da Mulher Aranha
John Huston  Prizzi's Honor
Akira Kurosawa  Ran
Peter Weir  Witness
1986: Oliver Stone
Platoon
Woody Allen  Hannah and Her Sisters
James Ivory  A Room with a View
Roland Joffé  The Mission
David Lynch  Blue Velvet
1987: Bernardo Bertolucci
The Last Emperor
John Boorman  Hope and Glory
Lasse Hallström  Mitt Liv som Hund
Norman Jewison  Moonstruck
Adrian Lyne  Fatal Attraction
1988: Barry Levinson
Rain Man
Charles Crichton  A Fish Called Wanda
Mike Nichols  Working Girl
Alan Parker  Mississippi Burning
Martin Scorsese  The Last Temptation of Christ
1989: Oliver Stone
Born on the Fourth of July
Woody Allen  Crimes and Misdemeanors
Kenneth Branagh  Henry V
Jim Sheridan  My Left Foot
Peter Weir  Dead Poets Society
1990: Kevin Costner
Dances with Wolves
Francis Ford Coppola – The Godfather: Part III
Stephen Frears – The Grifters
Barbet Schroeder – Reversal of Fortune
Martin Scorsese – Goodfellas
1991: Jonathan Demme
The Silence of the Lambs
Barry Levinson – Bugsy
Ridley Scott – Thelma & Louise
John Singleton – Boyz n the Hood
Oliver Stone – JFK
1992: Clint Eastwood
Unforgiven
Robert Altman – The Player
Martin Brest – Scent of a Woman
James Ivory – Howards End
Neil Jordan – The Crying Game
1993: Steven Spielberg
Schindler's List
Robert Altman – Short Cuts
Jane Campion – The Piano
James Ivory – The Remains of the Day
Jim Sheridan – In the Name of the Father
1994: Robert Zemeckis
Forrest Gump
Woody Allen – Bullets Over Broadway
Krzysztof Kieślowski – Trois Couleurs: Rouge
Robert Redford – Quiz Show
Quentin Tarantino – Pulp Fiction
1995: Mel Gibson
Braveheart
Mike Figgis – Leaving Las Vegas
Chris Noonan – Babe
Michael Radford – Il Postino
Tim Robbins – Dead Man Walking
1996: Anthony Minghella
The English Patient
Joel Coen – Fargo
Miloš Forman – The People vs. Larry Flynt
Scott Hicks – Shine
Mike Leigh – Secrets & Lies
1997: James Cameron
Titanic
Peter Cattaneo – The Full Monty
Atom Egoyan – The Sweet Hereafter
Curtis Hanson – L.A. Confidential
Gus Van Sant – Good Will Hunting
1998: Steven Spielberg
Saving Private Ryan
Roberto Benigni – La Vita È Bella
John Madden – Shakespeare in Love
Terrence Malick – The Thin Red Line
Peter Weir – The Truman Show
1999: Sam Mendes
American Beauty
Lasse Hallström – The Cider House Rules
Spike Jonze – Being John Malkovich
Michael Mann – The Insider
M. Night Shyamalan – The Sixth Sense
2000: Steven Soderbergh
Traffic
Stephen Daldry – Billy Elliot
Ang Lee – Wòhǔ Cánglóng
Ridley Scott – Gladiator
Steven Soderbergh – Erin Brockovich
2001: Ron Howard
A Beautiful Mind
Robert Altman – Gosford Park
Peter Jackson – The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring
David Lynch – Mulholland Drive
Ridley Scott – Black Hawk Down
2002: Roman Polanski
The Pianist
Pedro Almodóvar – Hable con Ella
Stephen Daldry – The Hours
Rob Marshall – Chicago
Martin Scorsese – Gangs of New York
2003: Peter Jackson
The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King
Sofia Coppola – Lost in Translation
Clint Eastwood – Mystic River
Fernando Meirelles – Cidade de Deus
Peter Weir – Master and Commander: The Far Side of the World
2004: Clint Eastwood
Million Dollar Baby
Taylor Hackford – Ray
Mike Leigh – Vera Drake
Alexander Payne – Sideways
Martin Scorsese – The Aviator
2005: Ang Lee
Brokeback Mountain
George Clooney – Good Night, and Good Luck
Paul Haggis – Crash
Bennett Miller – Capote
Steven Spielberg – Munich
2006: Martin Scorsese
The Departed
Clint Eastwood – Letters from Iwo Jima
Stephen Frears – The Queen
Alejandro González Iñárritu – Babel
Paul Greengrass – United 93
2007: Joel e Ethan Coen
No Country for Old Men
Paul Thomas Anderson – There Will Be Blood
Tony Gilroy – Michael Clayton
Jason Reitman – Juno
Julian Schnabel – Le Scaphandre et le Papillon
2008: Danny Boyle
Slumdog Millionaire
Stephen Daldry – The Reader
David Fincher – The Curious Case of Benjamin Button
Ron Howard – Frost/Nixon
Gus Van Sant – Milk
2009: Kathryn Bigelow
The Hurt Locker
James Cameron – Avatar
Lee Daniels – Precious: Based on the Novel "Push" by Sapphire
Jason Reitman – Up in the Air
Quentin Tarantino – Inglourious Basterds
2010: Tom Hooper
The King's Speech
Darren Aronofsky – Black Swan
Joel e Ethan Coen – True Grit
David Fincher – The Social Network
David O. Russell – The Fighter
2011: Michel Hazanavicius
The Artist
Woody Allen – Midnight in Paris
Terrence Malick – The Tree of Life
Alexander Payne – The Descendants
Martin Scorsese – Hugo

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